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dense outer result of this continuum of energy. Just as light exists as both a particle and a wave at the same instant in time, so all physical objects exist simultaneously as dense molecular forms and non-physical-spiritual forms. This realization opens the door to a remarkable new frontier of exploration and research. Part 2 SOLVING OUR GREATEST MYSTERIES CHAPTER 3 The New Frontier The worldwide scientific community now agrees that an unseen energy structure must exist. —David Seckel, Cosmologist, University of California In the last few decades science has become aware of the serious limitations of human visual perception. The human eye is sensitive to only a narrow band of radiation. We see only the wavelength between 0.00007 cm. and 0.00004 cm.; the rest of the electromagnetic wave spectrum remains invisible to us. In fact, only a few one-hundredthousandths of a centimeter make the difference between visibility and invisibility. Yet all of us are literally swimming in a sea of energy, immersed in an ocean of electromagnetic waves: gamma rays, X rays, ultraviolet and infrared rays, microwaves, radio waves, and shortwaves, to name just a few. When we feel the heat of the sun, for example, we are feeling the result of invisible infrared rays; their wavelength, 0.00008 cm. to 0.032 cm., is a little too long for our retina to detect even though our skin will register the rays as heat. In effect, our perception of the universe is based upon only a tiny fraction of the energy around us. Even more shocking is the recognition that our current scientific technology detects only a portion of the entire energy spectrum. Most scientists believe that the electromagnetic wave spectrum continues far beyond our technological vision and possibly into infinity. When we put this into perspective, we recognize that each of us is visually aware of only three-onehundred-thousandths (0.00003) of a centimeter of the energy radiation around us. We, who see so little of the universe, are quick to reach conclusions and judgments based upon the narrow limits of our vision. Our perspective of the universe, and of reality itself, is severely limited by the narrow range of our physical senses. When we look around, we see a world of solid objects. On the surface, reality appears to consist of three-dimensional form and substance. Yet, as science explores deeper into the unseen heart of matter, remarkable discoveries are being made. Einstein’s famous equation E = MC2 tells us that matter is nothing more than a form of energy—in a sense, stored energy temporarily molded to construct the physical objects around us. Once we recognize that all matter is actually energy, we can begin to form a new vision of ourselves and the world around us. We begin to realize that our surroundings are not what they seem. This new vision is expanded even further when we examine the latest discoveries of quantum physics. Quantum theorists no longer consider energy to be particlelike in nature. Subatomic particles are no longer viewed as static things but as four-dimensional entities in space-time. In fact, the elemental particles of our reality (quarks and so on) are no longer considered substance at all. When physicists observe elemental particles, they describe them as dynamic patterns, constantly moving and changing into one another. Quantum mechanics has shown us that the elemental building blocks of our reality are not material but are patterns of energy interconnected to form an inseparable cosmic web. Quantum physics has proved that our current physical concepts of form and substance are obsolete; not only is matter energy, but all energy is essentially non-physical in nature. Physicist Werner Heisenberg clarified this new scientific viewpoint when he stated, “Atoms are not things.” After decades of remarkable discoveries, modern physics has reached an impasse. The observed motion of subatomic particles appears to follow little or no logical order. Elemental particles change their location and trajectory, appear and disappear, and move in all sorts of mysterious ways. Even more startling is the realization that they can actually be influenced by the thoughts of the scientists who are observing them. As a new century dawns, the greatest mysteries of science remain unsolved: what are matter and energy? What are the unseen building blocks of physical reality? Increasingly, physicists and astronomers worldwide are recognizing that an immense unseen energy system must exist just beyond our technological vision. Years ago a few astronomers observed that specific areas in space existed with insufficient mass to explain their motion. In the 1980s this mysterious condition was termed “dark matter.” The discovery of dark matter was first brought to light by the extensive research of astronomer Vera Rubin. In The Astronomers Donald Goldsmith outlines her work and its significance. By analyzing the motions of outlying stars, Rubin’s observations revealed enormous quantities of invisible matter in spiral galaxies such as our own Milky Way. Studies of the motions of galaxies in clusters, performed by other astronomers (and some by Rubin herself), showed that the clusters of galaxies likewise contain tremendous amounts of invisible matter. Indeed, even before Rubin’s work, astronomers had found that most large galaxy clusters appear to contain far more mass than can be explained by the stars that shine in their galaxies. But it took Rubin’s detailed studies of the motions of stars within our own and other galaxies to convince astronomers that nearly every galaxy, and not just those in large galaxy clusters, has far more mass in invisible form than in stars. In short, Rubin’s work established the existence of a previously unconfirmed component of the cosmos, a component that is no small addition to what we know but (broadly speaking) the universe itself. Everything we see—all the stars, star clusters, star-forming regions, and gas clouds lit by newborn 20