the prince
control again. Circumstances were such at the time that no
foreign enemies were in a position to help the people. Later,
however, her fortresses were not much use when Cesare
Borgia attacked the town, and the people, who were hostile
to her, fought on his side. Both then and earlier she would
have been safer had she avoided making an enemy of the
people rather than counting on fortresses. All things con-
sidered, I’ll give my approval both to rulers who build fort-
resses and to those who don’t, but I’ll always criticize any
ruler who imagines it doesn’t matter whether the people hate
him or not and trusts in fortresses for his security.